Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Legal Resources
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Statistics
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Property/Housing/Real Estate Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Employment Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Family Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Education Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Public Benefits Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Criminal Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Immigration & Civil Rights Information
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Counties
- Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Cities
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Legal Resources Back to top
Minnesota Constitution
Minnesota Codes
Minnesota State Resources
Minnesota Website
Minnesota Governor
Minnesota Legislature
Minnesota Courts
Minnesota Government Resources
State Attorney General Federal Courts U.S. Supreme Court
- US Attorneys [ Minneapolis - Main Office | St. Paul ]
- Public Defenders [ Main Office ]
- Bankruptcy Court [ Main Office - Minneapolis | Duluth | Fergus Falls ]
- District Court [ Main Office - Minneapolis | Duluth | Fergus Falls | St. Paul ]
- Pretrial Services [ Main Office - Minneapolis | St. Paul ]
- Probation Office [ Main Office - Minneapolis | Duluth | Fergus Falls | St. Paul ]
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Statistics Back to top
- Population (2000): 2,868,847
- Land Area (2000): 12,340.667 square kilometers
- Water Area (2000): 704.399 square kilometers
Houses (2000): 1,132,017
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Population - Urban/Rural
Urban/Rural | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Urban | 5,135,148 | 89.26% |
Rural, Farm | 46,455 | 0.81% |
Rural, Non-farm | 571,576 | 9.93% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Real Estate Lawyers provide services for home buying/selling, commercial real estate, leases, landlord tenant, construction, land use and zoning laws. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Employment Information Back to top
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Labor Force By Month
Year | Labor Force | Employed | Unemployment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent | Rate | |||
1990 | 1,429,132 | 1,370,589 | 58,543 | 4.10% | 41 |
1991 | 1,447,533 | 1,381,072 | 66,461 | 4.59% | 46 |
1992 | 1,472,842 | 1,407,284 | 65,558 | 4.45% | 45 |
1993 | 1,498,649 | 1,435,869 | 62,780 | 4.19% | 42 |
1994 | 1,542,201 | 1,491,730 | 50,471 | 3.27% | 33 |
1995 | 1,580,175 | 1,534,162 | 46,013 | 2.91% | 29 |
1996 | 1,604,494 | 1,556,136 | 48,358 | 3.01% | 30 |
1997 | 1,625,044 | 1,584,477 | 40,566 | 2.50% | 25 |
1998 | 1,655,660 | 1,620,492 | 35,168 | 2.12% | 21 |
1999 | 1,683,084 | 1,646,287 | 36,797 | 2.19% | 22 |
2000 | 1,691,947 | 1,646,606 | 45,341 | 2.68% | 27 |
2001 | 1,722,676 | 1,662,432 | 60,244 | 3.50% | 35 |
2002 | 1,728,345 | 1,652,827 | 75,518 | 4.37% | 44 |
2003 | 1,740,282 | 1,659,604 | 80,678 | 4.64% | 46 |
2004 | 1,748,106 | 1,671,915 | 76,191 | 4.36% | 44 |
2005 | 1,750,710 | 1,683,422 | 67,288 | 3.84% | 38 |
2006 | 1,760,981 | 1,695,007 | 65,975 | 3.75% | 38 |
2007 | 1,777,798 | 1,702,185 | 75,613 | 4.25% | 43 |
2008 | 1,781,796 | 1,692,010 | 89,786 | 5.04% | 50 |
Month | Labor Force | Employed | Unemployment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent | Rate | |||
Jan 2008 | 1,768,151 | 1,685,127 | 83,024 | 4.70% | 47 |
Feb 2008 | 1,765,706 | 1,685,870 | 79,836 | 4.52% | 45 |
Mar 2008 | 1,774,708 | 1,689,979 | 84,729 | 4.77% | 48 |
Apr 2008 | 1,782,378 | 1,703,130 | 79,248 | 4.45% | 44 |
May 2008 | 1,785,020 | 1,699,908 | 85,112 | 4.77% | 48 |
Jun 2008 | 1,791,031 | 1,698,800 | 92,231 | 5.15% | 51 |
Jul 2008 | 1,798,438 | 1,699,913 | 98,525 | 5.48% | 55 |
Aug 2008 | 1,794,320 | 1,691,761 | 102,559 | 5.72% | 57 |
Sep 2008 | 1,776,409 | 1,673,603 | 102,806 | 5.79% | 58 |
Oct, 2008 | -- | -- | -- | --% | -- |
Nov, 2008 | -- | -- | -- | --% | -- |
Dec, 2008 | -- | -- | -- | --% | -- |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Employment By Industry
Male, with percent of employed male population | |||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Construction | 153,346 | 9.39% |
2. | Professional / Scientific / Tech Services | 135,208 | 8.28% |
3. | Finance and Insurance | 91,682 | 5.62% |
4. | Educational Services | 81,400 | 4.99% |
5. | Accommodation and Food Services | 77,944 | 4.78% |
6. | Health Care | 59,942 | 3.67% |
7. | Admin, Support, and Waste Management | 53,518 | 3.28% |
8. | Public Administration | 51,312 | 3.14% |
9. | Metal Manufactuing | 50,696 | 3.11% |
10. | Computer and Electronic Manufacturing | 48,872 | 2.99% |
11. | Miscellaneous Manufacturing | 47,980 | 2.94% |
12. | Machinery Manufacturing | 43,076 | 2.64% |
13. | Repair and Maintenance | 34,622 | 2.12% |
14. | Printing and Related Manufacturing | 32,128 | 1.97% |
15. | Other Transportation | 31,908 | 1.95% |
16. | Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | 30,412 | 1.86% |
17. | Arts / Entertainment / Recreation | 30,112 | 1.84% |
18. | Food and Beverage Stores | 29,748 | 1.82% |
19. | Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers | 28,992 | 1.78% |
20. | Air Transportation | 26,212 | 1.61% |
Female, with percent of employed female population | |||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Health Care | 209,454 | 14.01% |
2. | Educational Services | 174,254 | 11.66% |
3. | Finance and Insurance | 131,846 | 8.82% |
4. | Professional / Scientific / Tech Services | 110,506 | 7.39% |
5. | Accommodation and Food Services | 82,198 | 5.50% |
6. | Social Assistance | 62,058 | 4.15% |
7. | Admin, Support, and Waste Management | 51,034 | 3.41% |
8. | Public Administration | 50,874 | 3.40% |
9. | Department and Other General Stores | 44,838 | 3.00% |
10. | Miscellaneous Manufacturing | 34,136 | 2.28% |
11. | Religious / Grantmaking / Civic / Similar Organizations | 32,122 | 2.15% |
12. | Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | 28,746 | 1.92% |
13. | Personal and Laundry Services | 28,692 | 1.92% |
14. | Food and Beverage Stores | 27,258 | 1.82% |
15. | Computer and Electronic Manufacturing | 26,818 | 1.79% |
16. | Arts / Entertainment / Recreation | 25,776 | 1.72% |
17. | Construction | 18,892 | 1.26% |
18. | Publishing / Movie / Sound Recording Industries | 18,148 | 1.21% |
19. | Printing and Related Manufacturing | 17,390 | 1.16% |
20. | Air Transportation | 17,182 | 1.15% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Employment By Job
Male, with percent of employed male population | |||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Computer Specialists | 85,260 | 5.22% |
2. | Other Management Occupations | 79,194 | 4.85% |
3. | Sales Reps / Wholesale and Manufact | 70,648 | 4.33% |
4. | Other Sales and Related Occupations | 65,564 | 4.02% |
5. | Other Production Occupations | 61,978 | 3.80% |
6. | Other Installation / Maintenance | 56,218 | 3.44% |
7. | Recording / Scheduling / Dispatching | 54,178 | 3.32% |
8. | Metal Workers and Plastic Workers | 51,530 | 3.16% |
9. | Driver / Sales Workers and Truckers | 50,308 | 3.08% |
10. | Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance | 48,146 | 2.95% |
11. | Top Executives | 44,414 | 2.72% |
12. | Retail Sales, Not cashiers | 43,780 | 2.68% |
13. | Engineers | 43,208 | 2.65% |
14. | Business Operations Specialists | 40,134 | 2.46% |
15. | Vehicle Mechanics | 39,486 | 2.42% |
16. | Laborers and Material Movers / Handlers | 39,026 | 2.39% |
17. | Other Office and Admin Support | 34,256 | 2.10% |
18. | Other Construction Trades | 31,538 | 1.93% |
19. | Operations Managers Non Finance | 30,346 | 1.86% |
20. | Carpenters | 29,454 | 1.80% |
Female, with percent of employed female population | |||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Other Office and Admin Support | 104,770 | 7.01% |
2. | Secretaries and Admins | 76,652 | 5.13% |
3. | Informaion and Record Clerks, Not Customer Service | 58,450 | 3.91% |
4. | Other Management Occupations | 58,230 | 3.90% |
5. | Teachers, Pre/Primary School | 57,060 | 3.82% |
6. | Business Operations Specialists | 56,016 | 3.75% |
7. | Registered Nurses | 50,448 | 3.38% |
8. | Other Sales and Related Occupations | 48,944 | 3.27% |
9. | Retail Sales, Not cashiers | 45,342 | 3.03% |
10. | Customer Service Representatives | 44,968 | 3.01% |
11. | Cashiers | 37,518 | 2.51% |
12. | Bookkeeping / Accounting / Auditing | 37,440 | 2.50% |
13. | Health Technologists and Technicians | 36,056 | 2.41% |
14. | Child Care Workers | 36,052 | 2.41% |
15. | Computer Specialists | 35,550 | 2.38% |
16. | Sales Reps / Wholesale and Manufact | 35,242 | 2.36% |
17. | Recording / Scheduling / Dispatching | 32,928 | 2.20% |
18. | Accountants and Auditors | 32,250 | 2.16% |
19. | Other Teachers / Instructors / Librarians | 31,356 | 2.10% |
20. | Waiters and Waitresses | 28,994 | 1.94% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Hours Worked Per Week In 1999
Hours Per Week | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
35 or more hours | 2,685,496 | 61.32% |
15-35 hours | 660,414 | 15.08% |
1-14 hours | 152,329 | 3.48% |
No regular hours | 880,893 | 20.12% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Time Left For Work
Time | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Midnight-4:59 AM | 77,472 | 2.61% |
5 AM-5:29 AM | 82,122 | 2.76% |
5:30 AM-5:59 AM | 142,056 | 4.78% |
6 AM-6:29 AM | 263,596 | 8.87% |
6:30 AM-6:59 AM | 347,913 | 11.71% |
7 AM-7:29 AM | 476,122 | 16.02% |
7:30 AM-7:59 AM | 462,632 | 15.57% |
8 AM-8:29 AM | 299,891 | 10.09% |
8:30 AM-8:59 AM | 150,282 | 5.06% |
9:00 AM-9:59 AM | 161,686 | 5.44% |
10:00 AM-10:59 AM | 62,872 | 2.12% |
11:00 AM-11:59 AM | 31,421 | 1.06% |
Noon-3:59 PM | 223,260 | 7.51% |
4 PM-11:59 PM | 190,331 | 6.40% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Length Of Commute In Minutes
Minutes | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Less than 5 | 74,275 | 2.50% |
5-9 | 278,674 | 9.38% |
10-14 | 425,357 | 14.31% |
15-19 | 485,339 | 16.33% |
20-24 | 523,582 | 17.62% |
25-29 | 233,647 | 7.86% |
30-34 | 423,094 | 14.24% |
35-39 | 97,795 | 3.29% |
40-44 | 113,598 | 3.82% |
45-59 | 193,775 | 6.52% |
60-89 | 86,124 | 2.90% |
At least 90 | 36,396 | 1.22% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Length Of Commute In Mintues - Public vs. Private Transportation
Minutes | Population (public) | Percent | Population (private) | Percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under 30 | 52,512 | 1.77% | 1,968,362 | 66.24% |
30-44 | 47,104 | 1.59% | 587,383 | 19.77% |
45-59 | 22,094 | 0.74% | 171,681 | 5.78% |
At least 60 | 20,250 | 0.68% | 102,270 | 3.44% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Type Of Commute
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Bicycle | 13,722 | 0.44% |
Car / truck / van, carpool | 307,731 | 9.96% |
Car / truck / van, solo | 2,418,798 | 78.31% |
Motorcycle | 1,948 | 0.06% |
Other | 13,640 | 0.44% |
Public transportation | 141,960 | 4.60% |
Walked | 73,857 | 2.39% |
Worked at home | 117,228 | 3.80% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Employment Lawyers handle cases involving employment contracts, severance agreements, OSHA, workers compensation, ADA, race, sex, pregnancy, national-orgin, sexual orientation and age discrimination, sexual harassment, hours & wages and overtime issues. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Family Information Back to top
Households (2000): 2,201,688 (5,617,728 people)
Families (2000): 1,446,256 (4,551,380 people)
Families where both partners work (2000): 738,334
People at same address in 1995: 2,902,935
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Household Income in 1999
Income | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Under $10,000 | 113,171 | 5.13% |
$10,000-$14,999 | 90,615 | 4.11% |
$15,000-$19,999 | 94,285 | 4.27% |
$20,000-$24,999 | 108,845 | 4.93% |
$25,000-$29,999 | 117,325 | 5.32% |
$30,000-$34,999 | 126,090 | 5.71% |
$35,000-$39,999 | 118,137 | 5.35% |
$40,000-$44,999 | 118,336 | 5.36% |
$45,000-$49,999 | 110,254 | 5.00% |
$50,000-$59,999 | 223,379 | 10.12% |
$60,000-$74,999 | 289,848 | 13.13% |
$75,000-$99,999 | 321,259 | 14.56% |
$100,000-$124,999 | 163,968 | 7.43% |
$125,000-$149,999 | 79,579 | 3.61% |
$150,000-$199,999 | 64,826 | 2.94% |
$200,000 or more | 67,076 | 3.04% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Household Type
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Nonfamily, 1 person | 295,315 | 26.84% |
Family, 2 people | 288,869 | 26.26% |
Nonfamily, 2 people | 69,549 | 6.32% |
Family, 3 people | 159,889 | 14.53% |
Nonfamily, 3 people | 11,437 | 1.04% |
Family, 4 people | 161,316 | 14.66% |
Nonfamily, 4 people | 3,757 | 0.34% |
Family, 5 people | 70,127 | 6.37% |
Nonfamily, 5 people | 1,150 | 0.10% |
Family, 6 people | 22,860 | 2.08% |
Nonfamily, 6 people | 398 | 0.04% |
Family, 7 or more people | 15,266 | 1.39% |
Nonfamily, 7 or more people | 257 | 0.02% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Household Income Type
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Earnings | 1,914,092 | 31.14% |
Interest / Dividend / Rent | 981,258 | 15.96% |
Public Assistance | 74,143 | 1.21% |
Retirement | 280,677 | 4.57% |
Self Employment | 282,955 | 4.60% |
Social Security | 428,252 | 6.97% |
Supplemental Security | 56,679 | 0.92% |
Wage / Salary | 1,871,663 | 30.45% |
Other | 256,620 | 4.18% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Family Type
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
No children under 18 | 580,947 | 49.71% |
With children under 18 | 587,789 | 50.29% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Marital Status - Male (for those 15+ in 2000)
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Divorced | 175,223 | 8.04% |
Married | 1,253,885 | 57.56% |
Never Married | 710,463 | 32.61% |
Widowed | 38,969 | 1.79% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Marital Status - Female (for those 15+ in 2000)
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Divorced | 238,001 | 10.41% |
Married | 1,250,996 | 54.74% |
Never Married | 619,551 | 27.11% |
Widowed | 176,670 | 7.73% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Family Lawyers help clients with family law issues, such as marriage, divorce, domestic partnerships, adoptions, paternity, annulment, child support, custody, division of property, alimony, palimony, restraining orders, spousal support, uncontested divorce and visitation rights. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Education Information Back to top
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Highest Degree Earned (18 or older)
Degree | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Less than 9th grade | 136,129 | 3.23% |
9th-12th grade, no diploma | 324,092 | 7.69% |
High school diploma or equivalent | 1,064,147 | 25.24% |
Some college, no degree | 1,081,645 | 25.65% |
Associate degree | 307,544 | 7.29% |
Bachelors degree | 923,545 | 21.90% |
Graduate or professional degree | 379,270 | 9.00% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Population In School (3 or older)
School Level | In Public School | Percent | In Private School | Percent | Total | Percent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nursery or preschool | 63,567 | 2.22% | 51,755 | 1.80% | 115,322 | 4.02% |
Kindergarten | 76,224 | 2.66% | 14,305 | 0.50% | 90,529 | 3.16% |
Grades 1-4 | 309,149 | 10.78% | 46,118 | 1.61% | 355,267 | 12.38% |
Grades 5-8 | 312,336 | 10.89% | 39,724 | 1.38% | 352,060 | 12.27% |
Grades 9-12 | 316,087 | 11.02% | 27,561 | 0.96% | 343,648 | 11.98% |
Undergrad college | 193,661 | 6.75% | 74,275 | 2.59% | 267,936 | 9.34% |
Graduate or professional school | 48,282 | 1.68% | 33,562 | 1.17% | 81,844 | 2.85% |
Total | 1,319,306 | 45.99% | 287,300 | 10.01% | 1,606,606 | 56.00% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Education Lawyers represent colleges, school districts, other educational institutions, and students in the practice of education law. They handle issues related to No Child Left Behind, special education, and disability rights. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Public Benefits Information Back to top
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Above Or Below Poverty Level In 1999
Above/Below | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
At Or Above Poverty Level | 5,264,026 | 93.25% |
Below Poverty Level | 380,784 | 6.75% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Public Benefits Lawyers assess the range of local, state and federal government benefits to which their clients may be entitled and help them apply for such programs, as well as appeal decisions denying such benefits to their clients. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Criminal Information Back to top
Correctional Institution Population (2000): 7,674
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Criminal Lawyers represent defendants in municipal, state and federal criminal proceedings. These lawyers commonly handle cases involving DUI/DWI (drunk driving), drug possession, gun crimes, traffic tickets, violent crimes, sex crimes, theft offenses and white collar crimes. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Immigration & Civil Rights Information Back to top
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Population By Age
Age | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
0-9 Years | 424,228 | 14.79% |
10-19 Years | 419,127 | 14.61% |
20-29 Years | 396,866 | 13.83% |
30-39 Years | 494,132 | 17.22% |
40-49 Years | 463,895 | 16.17% |
50-59 Years | 304,300 | 10.61% |
60-69 Years | 164,949 | 5.75% |
70-79 Years | 124,274 | 4.33% |
80-89 Years | 63,550 | 2.22% |
90+ Years | 13,526 | 0.47% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Population - Male/Female
Male/Female | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Male | 1,416,518 | 49.38% |
Female | 1,452,329 | 50.62% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Population By Ethnicity
Ethnicity | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Caucasian | 2,417,073 | 84.25% |
African-American | 155,162 | 5.41% |
Asian | 121,542 | 4.24% |
Hispanic/Latino | 98,337 | 3.43% |
Multiracial | 52,155 | 1.82% |
Amerindian | 19,437 | 0.68% |
Other Race | 4,068 | 0.14% |
Pacific Islander | 1,073 | 0.04% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Top Specified Ancestries
Rank | Ancestry | Population | Percent Of Specified Ancestries |
---|---|---|---|
1. | German | 1,965,704 | 29.91% |
2. | Norwegian | 835,491 | 12.71% |
3. | Irish | 734,935 | 11.18% |
4. | Swedish | 608,631 | 9.26% |
5. | English | 394,522 | 6.00% |
6. | Polish | 289,292 | 4.40% |
7. | French Non-Basque | 253,833 | 3.86% |
8. | Italian | 159,407 | 2.43% |
9. | United States Or American | 152,194 | 2.32% |
10. | Dutch | 96,156 | 1.46% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Top Languages Spoken At Home
Rank | Language | Population | Percent Of Reported Languages |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Only English | 4,787,381 | 89.66% |
2. | Spanish Or Spanish Creole | 173,649 | 3.25% |
3. | Miao / Hmong | 80,265 | 1.50% |
4. | African | 42,946 | 0.80% |
5. | German | 34,640 | 0.65% |
6. | Vietnamese | 27,764 | 0.52% |
7. | French | 22,955 | 0.43% |
8. | Chinese | 21,288 | 0.40% |
9. | Russian | 17,287 | 0.32% |
10. | Laotian | 11,404 | 0.21% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Citizen Type
Type | Population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Citizen by birth | 5,334,395 | 92.72% |
Naturalized immigrant | 153,498 | 2.67% |
Not a citizen | 265,286 | 4.61% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Immigration Lawyers help clients navigate through the federal immigration process. They help workers secure temporary visas (H1-B, fiances obtain K-1 visas, and permanent immigrants apply for Green Cards or citizenship. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Civil Rights Lawyers represent clients who have been illegally discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, disability and national origin. If you have suffered employment discrimination, sexual harassment, or have been treated differently by a hotel, restaurant, or other public accommodation, a civil rights lawyer can help you determine whether your rights were violated and what types of redress are available. From the Justia Lawyer Directory.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Counties Back to top
Alphabetical | By Population
Anoka County | Hennepin County | Sherburne County |
Carver County | Isanti County | Washington County |
Chisago County | Ramsey County | Wright County |
Dakota County | Scott County |
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Cities Back to top
Alphabetical | By Population